11 Which is the preferred preposition to use after the word "augmented", as in the sentence "A is augmented with/by B"? Does this depend on context? For concreteness, I am interested in mathematical usage, as in the "The set is augmented with redundant vectors for greater numerical robustness".

Understanding the Context

From Google's definition: aug ment verb ôɡˈment/ 1. make (something) greater by adding to it; increase. "he augmented his summer income by painting houses" When you use augment, you mean that you are adding to something by adding in something else; the word is generally used with a prepositional phrase starting with by or with. Increase doesn't have that sense.

Key Insights

Now, to your example. If the ... I tend to use the rule that colons should only be before a list, or as an augmented period to indicate that the second part defines or gives an example of the first. Merriam-Webster [augmented, especially with further examples, below] asserts that there are six, not just two, senses that should be distinguished. The ones showing deontic modality (moral obligation; permission) are This leads to the conversion of core product to actual product and then augmented product.

Final Thoughts

So, augmented product gives final complete product to the customer. The hall filled up when the band arrived. and It was pouring. It was pouring down. But in the first augmented sentence, the particle 'completive up ' is stressed, while, as pointed out, the simplex verb is stressed when 'down' is added to 'It was pouring.' The patterns are different. But Longman Pronunciation Dictionary does allow for the odd ...

In the case of something like "This product features an Augmented Filter Subsystem (AFS)", I would normally capitalise it like that (and include the bracketed abbreviation) on the first reference. I think using such a convention makes it just that little bit easier for the reader to recognise what the abbreviation refers to.